Directors and officers (D&O)

A selection of pages on this site that deal with "Directors and officers (D&O)".

• AI risk insurance in Estonia: silent and affirmative cover: How PI, product liability, cyber, crime, D&O and property wordings respond to AI losses under Estonian law; AI exclusions and EU dates.
• Avoiding coverage gaps in a cyber, crime and D&O programme: Coordinating policies, harmonising definitions, the roles of broker and lawyer, documentation and a model coverage matrix to avoid gaps.
• Baltic public cyber incidents and management liability cases: Publicly known cyber incidents and management liability cases in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania as neutral facts, and the insurance law questions.
• Blog: Estonian insurance law insights: Blog by Estonian attorney Dr Olavi-Jüri Luik: insurance law developments, Supreme Court practice and analysis for insurers, MGAs and brokers.
• Crime and fidelity claims in Estonia: payment and employee fraud: Invoice fraud, CEO fraud, social engineering and employee theft under Estonian law: bank liability for payments, recovery.
• Cyber claims in Estonia: NIS2, GDPR, ransomware and insurance: Cyber incidents in Estonia: Cybersecurity Act (NIS2) duties, GDPR claims, ransomware payments and sanctions.
• Cyber insurance and NIS2 in Estonia: what changed in 2026: Estonia's Cybersecurity Act (NIS2): board responsibility, 24/72-hour reporting, fines, and how they affect cyber and D&O policies governed by Estonian law.
• Cyber, crime and D&O insurance case studies: International coverage disputes, insurers' published claims examples and public Baltic incidents in cyber, crime and D&O insurance.
• Cyber, crime and D&O insurance: interplay and boundaries: Which policy covers which loss, where the grey areas lie and how a loss can fall between cyber, crime and D&O policies under Estonian law.
• Cyber, crime and D&O risk and claims handbook (Estonia): Handbook on cyber, crime and D&O risks in Estonia: integrated programmes, coverage gaps, incident response, notification, claims and disputes.
• D&O case studies: data breaches, investor claims and limits: International D&O cases: Equifax, Yahoo, Boeing, Volkswagen, Wirecard, Petrobras, Fortis, climate litigation and insurers' claims examples.
• D&O claims counsel in Estonia for insurers and directors: D&O claims in Estonia: director liability under ÄS and TsÜS, trustee and creditor claims, NIS2 duties, defence costs, allocation.
• D&O claims in Estonia: director liability and insurance: Liability of Estonian management and supervisory board members, creditors' and trustees' claims, insolvency duties, limitation.
• D&O insurance in Estonia: director liability after leaving office: Estonian director liability (ÄS § 187), reversed burden of proof, creditor claims, limitation and what D&O underwriters and claims teams should know.
• D&O, cyber, crime, liability and war-risk claims in Estonia: Counsel for insurers writing D&O, liability, crime, cyber and war risks into Estonia and the Baltics: investigations, representation, expert opinions.
• Guides to Estonian insurance law for foreign insurers: Practical guides on Estonian insurance claims for insurers, Lloyd's syndicates, MGAs, brokers and TPAs: motor, liability, financial lines, disputes.
• Insolvency of a policyholder or tortfeasor in Estonia: What happens to insurance when a policyholder, insured or tortfeasor goes bankrupt in Estonia: claims filing, injured party priority, cancellation, D&O.
• Integrated insurance programmes: limits, layers and overlaps: An integrated programme: primary and excess layers, per-claim and aggregate limits, sub-limits, overlaps and the wrong clause in the wrong place.
• International case law: liability insurance and defence costs: 17 decisions of foreign courts on liability insurance and defence costs: summaries, paragraphs and links.
• Investigations and expert opinions for insurers in Estonia: Fact-finding for insurers in Estonia (fraud, cyber, D&O, fire cause and origin) and expert opinions on Estonian law for foreign courts and tribunals.
• Limitation periods for insurance claims in Estonia: Insurance claim limitation in Estonia: VÕS § 475 three-year period, suspension on notice, ten-year cap, one-year period to sue.
• Modern risk landscape: cyber, fraud and management liability: Why property and liability cover no longer suffices in Estonia: digital dependence, social engineering fraud, NIS2 and board liability.
• Notification and claims strategy across several policies: When to notify, how to qualify the incident and how to claim in parallel under cyber, crime and D&O policies under Estonian law.
• One click, cash and revenue gone: cyber insurance for businesses: Ransomware, business interruption and data breaches: what cyber insurance covers, why property policies are no substitute and what to check in Estonia.
• Presenting a cyber, crime or D&O claim: documents and evidence: Evidence-based cyber, crime and D&O claims under Estonian law: documents, loss calculation, experts, advance payment and typical mistakes.
• Services for insurers, reinsurers, MGAs, brokers and TPAs: Local and panel counsel in Estonia: coverage opinions, claims support, reservation of rights, subrogation, litigation, breach coach, D&O, crime.
• The first 24 to 72 hours after a cyber incident or fraud: Crisis management in the first hours: containment, the crisis team, whom to involve, NIS2, GDPR and insurance law deadlines and policy conditions.
• Typical coverage disputes in cyber, crime and D&O insurance: Direct and indirect loss, the notion of fraud, duties of care, intent as a narrow exclusion and pre-contractual disclosure under Estonian law.